Self-condensing turbine.



No. 833,482. 7 I PATENTED OCT. 16, 1906. R. S. PRINDLE. v

SELF QONDBNSING TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 11112.5, 1902.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Witnesses No. 833,482. PA'iBNTED 0GT.16, 190's.

R. s. PRTNDLE. I SELF counrmsme TURBINE.

APPLIUATIOK FILED HAB- 5, 1902.

I 8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

luinntoz No. 833,482. 'PATENTED OCT. 16, 1906.

R. s. PRINDLB.

SELF GONDENSING TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED 11mm, 1902.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

PATENTED 00116, 1906,

R. s. PRINDLE. SELF GONDENSING TURBINE. APPLIOQTION'FILED HA3. 5, 1902.

witnaaau No. 833,482. PATENTED 0M. 16, 1906-.

- R. s. PRINDLE.

SELF GONDENSING TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED nun. 5, 1902.

B SHEETS-BEBE! 5.

III?

gamut No. 833,482; v PATENTED OCT. 16, 190

R. s.- PBINDLE.

85m" GONDBNSING TURBINE.

APPLICATION rmm MAB. 5, 1902.

a sums-sum e.

Zjnoemtoz Wihwaoea PATENTED 0GT.16,1906.'

' R. s. PRINDLB.

. SELF GONDBNSING TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MIR. 5, 1902.

a SHEETS-SHEET 7.

"mun;

l y Y I 0 z: 14

PATEN'IED OCT. 16, 1906.

R. S.- PRINDLE. SELF GONDENSING TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, 1902.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 8- Y I i 1 X /W YAE 1 im Tsliowrr therein-being of "the o11 type. viewoft e runner or ro- .UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

ROSCOE S. PRINDLELQF NEW YORK, N. YQASSIGNOR OF ONE*HALF TO. CHARLES H.TOMPKINS AND VINCENT G. TOMI KINS, NEW 3 YQRK,' N. Y.

To all whom it may'concern:

Be it known that I, RosooE S.PRINDLE, a

. citizen of the United States, residing at New York,in the countyof-New York and State 5 of New York,.have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Self-Condensing Turbines; and I do hereby declarethe following to bea full, clear, andexactdescription of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in steam-turbines and the objectsof myinvention are to produce a device ofthis character Y which may bedriven at the very highest possible speeds dependent only on the tensilestrength of the material, to practically do away with friction,tohave'the runningparts accurately and automaticallybalanced,and to havethem so arranged that when in rotation they will be supported onpractically nothing but fluid. p

A further object is to have the apparatus self-condensing and free fromtorsional strains, the power which the apparatus pro- .duces beingutilized as hereinafter described.

With these objects in view my invention consists in the constructionsand combina-' tions of parts, as hereinafter described, and

particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1- represents a cross-section of asteam-turbine and a centrifugal pump combined. Fig. 2 is a side viewofthe same, glartly in section, the section being taken on t 1 flamodification, the rotating part of runner Fig. Sisagzross-se'dtiona I'tatingpart'shown i'n-Fig'. 4. Fig. 6 isa'n end view of-the rotatingpart or runnerof the closed type, such asis. shown in Fig; 3. Fig.

2.5. 7 isan elevation showing the means whereby power is taken fromthesteam-turbine and utilized. Fig. 8 is a cross-section of amodification, showing separate condensing means. Fig. 9 is a brokencross-section of a modifica- 5 0 tion, showing. 'aself-condensingsteam-tur binle, a puni a liquid-motor, and an electricgenerator, a l .inone structure; and Fig. 10 is a'detail view, partlyvin-section, of one of the.' Fig.-'11 is a. cross-section of an--.bearings. u other modification; andFig. 12 1s a bottom Specificationof Letters Patent Applination filed March 5, 1902. Serial No. 96,828.

companion application 0 titled Method of transmitting power. .Thisshaft'is mounted in boxes I) c, su. portedee difl'erent planes. r Fig.3Vis aside view, partly in section, of the rotating part or runner, thesection bein I taken in two planes. 4 isa side view 0 Substantially vand on either si e thereof are two s .s and t,

SELF-CONDENSINVG TURBINE. w

plan view, partly in section,. of the-runner shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 13is a cross-section of another modification, showing a steam-' turbineand combined centripetal and contrifugal pump; and Fig. 14 is a detailview showing the means for supporting and ad-" justing thepressure-ring.

Referring to Fig. 1, a represents a shaft on which the rotatingrunner-is sup orted while atrest. so that there is very little frictionbetween the shaft and the casing, or said shaft may be supported onwater-bearin s, as shown in my even date, en-

in extensions upon the casing, sai boxeshaving removable heads d e,which are fastened thereto by bolts f. In each end of the shaft aset-screw g is inserted, and a washer 7 5 or spacing-block his heldbetween the head of said screwand the end of the shaft. Anotherset-screw '5 passes throu h the head e and contacts with the-head o thescrew By this arrangement the shaft may be a "justed or may be allowed aslight lateral play.

The casin own is the casing of one type of centrifuga pumps supported ona standard 70 and provided with. inlet-pipes l and 1a,.

which deliver to o 1plosite sides of the rotating art or runner. T isrotating part or runner 'scharges into a discharge-chamber n made in theform of a volute and showrfas largest at the bottom, where the dischargetakes place, although I do not restrict myself to "this arrangement,either of suction or 'discharge, as the inlet-pipesmightcome in from.the side or the top and the dischargeeorifice may be placedin anydesired osition. The

.rotatin part or runner secure to the shaft 0, 5 .in any. esired manneris composedoftwo op-' positely-coned portions '0 and p, which are unitedby two oppositely-coned portions g and 1', arranged at'right angles tothe first coned, portions-and constituting a guidi'ng-vane.

arallel to this guidingevane and thewater dischar ed by therqtationofthe runner passes throu the passages between the wings s and t an thevanes q and r; these. win sbeing of coursecut away at the center to alow the liquid tofreel'y enter the central and inclosed part of therunner. From points nearthe centralpart of the runner curved spiral websa run to, the periphery of. no

In motion it is practica 1y balanced 65 i the runner., The parts ofthese webs which pass between the wings s and the central vane areenlarged and extended to form arms completely connecting the vane and'side wings. I do not restrict myself, however, to the number of websand arms shown, nor to having them made exactly inthe form of a truespiral, the number, pitch, and throw of the webs and arms depending uponthe volumes, speeds, and powers of the combined turbine and pump. Oneach of the wings s and t and symmetrically arranged in regard to. thecentral vane are rings of im eller blades or vanes '12. In Fig. 1 I haves own these rings arranged about midway of the wings s and t; but it isobvious that they may be arranged either nearer the inner periphery ornearer the outer periphery thereof, as

' may be desired. These blades and vanes are number or position thereof.Steam may be i the casin if desired.

steam v to' the 'and, moreover, that different pressures of steam may beap conveyedby an annular assage cored out of fact, any of the usual anwell-known means for supplying impeller-blades maybe used,

so arrange the apparatus .plie'd todifi'erent parts of the rings of theimpeller-blades, the pressures on ,either side of the runner being,however, balancedfi In this way-I am enabled to ractically supportthe'weight of the runner y the pressure of the steam used to drive itand also to cause the runner-to be automatically and perfectly balancedin the center of the casing. In this figure I have shown-on either sideof the central vane a single rowof impeller blades and a single 'row' ofdiverting-vanes. It is obvious that I am notjrestricted to-such an ar--'rangement. I can use as many rings of im- -.peller-blades (providedthesame number is used on the same sideof the central vane). and as manyrings of reacting or diverting blades'as I desire, which latter seriesof rings will be fixed to the casing,'such arrangements being well knownin steam tu'rbines. In this way I am enabled to obtain energy from I pthe steam byimpact, reaction, expansion, 'or

any combination thereof; Between the wings s and t and the casing arepassages 3 4,

into which'the steam emerges afterpassing through the impeller-blades.Thesepassages 3,and 4 are contracted at their outer.

1 ends, the result being that when the rotating part is driven the wateror other fluid passitggl out between the wings s and t andthe centr vaneinto the discharge-chamber n. draws along with it the steam throughthese narrow assages out of the passages 3 and 4 and con enses'it, alsoat the same time .drawing out any air that there may be in the casing orentrained in the steam. In this way the steam is jetted against a movingcolumn of water, and condensation is practically in-- stantaneous.Moreover, there is a steady current of water passing'through thedischarge-chamber in a circular direction, and

the exposure of the exhaust-steam to this moving column of water causesinstant condensation, as in a jet;condenser, the result being that thewater driven by the runner carries with it. the condensed steam and anyair that may be present and discharges them all through theexhaust-opening. This, in

efiect, allows the rotating partor runner to run in a vacuum,renderingit possible to run the a paratus at'high speeds with acomparative y small quantity of steam This 1111,

stantaneous condensation greatly reduces the power necessary to operatethe apparatus. 5 and '6 represent circular annular guide-plates securedto the casing and over la ping the inner peripheries of the ringss andvt, 'ut notifin contact t erewith,it being one of the essential featuresof my invention that'- the rotating part or runner shall be compelled torotate entirely free from the casing, thereby diminishing friction .andermitting no slip of the liquid column. The purpose of theseguide-plates 5 and 6 is to direct the water coming in from the pipes land m into the spaces between the rings .9 and t and the central vane.

As shown in Fig. 2, the side wings s and t are cut away, asshown at 7.This cut-away portion is in the form of a spiral, commeneingat the outeredge of one-of the arms8 and gradually depending until just behind thenext succeeding arm, being a proximately in the form of a reversed spirathe. deepest part being behind the runner-arm. at the point of vacuum,since the pressure-generated y each one of the arms is greatest at thepoint 9, and behind the arm 8 there is'a vacuum when the apparatusrotates in a liquid InFigs. 1, 2, and 3 the centrifugal pump shown is ofthe closed runner typeethat is-to say, it has wings s and t,betweenwhich the central vane the Water passes. I may use, however, a rotatin'partof the-open runner t e, as shown in igs', 4 and5, in which .the sie plates are eliminated and the rings of impeller-blades are attacheddirectly to the m V For the purpose of-preventihg the water grom beingthrown out and condensing the "s'team'before it passesthrough theimpeller blades the rings let into the casingwhich inclose thedivertersblades .may'he made to overlap the rings. carrying theimpellercally does awa withfriction of both air, li

blades, this arrangement being shown in Fig.

5, and the inclosing rings being numbered 10. Moreover, I prefer to makethe impellerblades mounted upon the runner concaved,

so that the steam coming in strikes the bottom thereof and is thrown outat an an 1e .thereto, which angle, is directed toward t 1e notpermitting the water to enter theimpact- 6 andverygreat advanta es.

space.

In Fig. 7 isshown a side elevation of m combined steam-turbine and pump,which drives aPelton wheel or other water-motor,

which motor in turn supplies power for any desired purpose-such, forinstance, as the' shaft fora dynamo, to which in Fi 7 the shaft of. thewater-motor is coup ed. In practice it wouldonotdo to couple adynamoshaft directly to the axle of a turbine for several reasons. Inthe first place, very high speeds are necessary, to obtain the highestefflciency from a steam-turbine. Fifty thousand revolutions a minute isnotan excessive number. i This is far in excess of any rate of speed atwhichthe shafts of dynamos have up to the present time been driven.Commercial dynamos are never driven more than five thousand revolutionsa minute, and the average is considerablyless than this. It is evidenttherefore that it is impracticable 'my'steam-turbine rrmner. Anotherreason is that I desire to make .the steam-turbine small in size andcheap inconstruction,which could not'be done if it were coupled directlyto. the shaft of a dynamo, for which purpose, among others m improvedapparatus has been designed. been driven commonly at much higher speedthan other kinds of machine latter case the objection would Anotherreason is that if the dynamo were coupled directly to the shaft oftherunner a torsional strain would be set up in said shaft,

which is oneofthe things Idesire-to avoid, since this strainwouldresultjn a tendency to destroy the balance of .thetu'rbine,deflecting the. Shaf and bindingfthe gears, and makingvery carefullyarranged and elaborate bean ings necess Moreove r, iffsuch a torsionalstrain existe it would be exceedingly drflicult, if not impossible, tocause the combined turbine and runner to float upon the li 'uid-a twhich is oneof theespecial ob ects'ofmy mvention and which results inspecial Inm construction the very lightr'es't- 'dof tur inej; comparedwith the amount of power obtained therefrom can be used on account ofits ex ceedingly high speed and because it- PI'B-Cfi'.

apparatus. For these reasons I prefer to use motor the power fordrivingthe dynamo or asteam-inlet pi ewhich de vers into a'chamoreover, dynamoshaveso that in the. be still greater.

Thus it will'be" seen thatthe pressure in the ,discharge-'chamber of thecombined turbine? uid, and metal ic contact. Of course there 1s a slightamount of skin-friction of the liquid in the pumpybut this is so smallcompared with the amount of friction in ordinary tur-. 7o bines that itis practically negligible. In my construction nearly all the strains arepractically applied at the oint of impact of the steam upon the imper-blades and usually near the periphery, t e result being that 7 thesestrains are com ara,tively slight, are equally distributed wit outshock, and therefore do notinterfere with the working of my a smallsteamturbine,-as described, to run 80 that at a very high speed, and bymeans of the water dischar ed to run-a Pelton wheel or some other 'suita1e. construction of watervmotor at a much lower speed, from which 5other machinery isfdirectly obtained. By means hereinafter described thespeed of the turbine itself and of the water-motor may be 4 I regulatedas desired.

Fig. 7, 47 re resents a steam-turbine-of the construction a eadydescribed andshown, for exam le, in Fig. 1. 48 represents a Pelton wheelor other desired form of water-- "motor. The steam turbine and wheel areconnected by a pipe or waterway 49, which. 5 connects with thedischarge-chamber of the steam turbine and delivers the impelli fluid tothe motor 48. 'To the shaft 50 of the water-motor is coupled the shaftof a dynamo 5i. e If desired, however, this shaft 50 could be used torun any form of machinery in any of the usual ways. The means forgoverm' the rate ofqspeed for the steam-turbine now be described. In Fi7, 52 represents j s ber 53, from-w 'ch branch pipes 54' and 55 conductthe steam to the steam turbine'. A pipe 56 is connected with thedischargechamber of the centrifugal pump and at its other end isconnected'wrth the casing 57, in which is a dia hrag'm or piston. Thisis conj nected to awailve in thecha-mber 53 andis-so arranged thatthevarying pressure in the pipes 5,4and 55 as esired. The variations me beadjusted as desired by a'hand screw an spring, asjcommoninpressure-regulators.

and pump automatically regulates the speed. Of'course the water-moter 48is liabletorun Int-different speeds, according the. load is 1 increasedor d minished. Th1s is regulated in the usual-way b' meansof the vayes'58-a nd. 59, which eontro the fluideje'ts-jwhi hdrivethe'.-water-motor,-.which is preferably-,madewith/ double sets of buckets inthe usual ways 1 The speed'of the water-wheel can be regulated 3e roo iits.

any usual form of governor, such as a centrifugal governor. 1f the speedis increased above a certain limit, the amount of water passing throughthe jets is automatic- ]Ially diminished by this governor. This refsultsin a greater pressure in the pipe or waterway 49, which in turnincreases the presestablishes apositive and extremely closespeedregulation, dependent simply upon the speed to which the water-motor 48is set.

In Fig. 8 another modification of my apbase 90, being united'therewithby bolts 91,

: paratus issh'o'wn, in which the condensation,

' is efiected by some other liquid than that which is discharged intothe chamber n.

' In pumping beer, for example, it would not j-be desirable tohav'e-thesteam condensed. by v stream of beer, since this would dilute t'e-beer too-much. In Fig. '8, therefore, the condensation is effected.by separate m'eans.-- The apparatus shown in this figure is practicallythe. same asshown in Fig. 1, with the exceptions hereinafter fmentioned.and filrepresent the steaminlet pipes, and 62 and 63 represent theinlet-pipes'for the water which is used tocon j dense the steam used asa motive power.

'mounted on the runner are other wings 66 and 67, nearly parallellto thewings 62, but sepa-' rated therefrom by passa es. The Wings'66 and 67areof considerab e less width than the rings's t, whereby open spaces69and70 are formed). Orifices 71 and 72 connect the chambers 64 and 65with these 0 en'spa ces 69 and '70. In this modification t e rings ,ofthe im eller-blades'are mounted on the wings 66 an 67 instead ofiuponthe rings 8 t. 73 and 74 represent outlet pipes for the water after ithas b'een'used to condense the steam; ;These' water-pipes connect withcircular chambers 75 and 76, cut out of the casing,

there being a free passage between the rln'gs "s t and the wings66 and67 into these chambers 75 and. 76 for the water used for condens- 1 ingpurposes and .there being other passages from the spaces--78 and 79 justinside of the rings of impellenbladesfor the passage of 55 water comingin through the pipes 62 and 63 steam into the chambers 75 and '76. The

maybe under' considerable pressure,-if de sired. The result of thisarrangement is that 60' water through the pipes 73 and 74 without I iel'llgl-mingled-with the beer or other liquid c. er

the steam is condensed and'carried with the is forced the thedischarge-champump, 'awater niotor, andan elector.

trio generator, all one. unitary structure,- Fig. 10 showing detailsthereof. 80' represents a centrifugal pum of the closed-runner type,similar to that s own in Fig. 1, provided with curved impeller-arms,side wings, and rings of impeller blades mounted thereon. The casing ofall these structures may be divided into either vertical or horizontalsections. 81 represents the upper part of the stationary casin which iscored out, leaving plates 82 83, wit a passage 84 therebetween.

' This fits u on another stationary part 86, be-

ing unite thereto-by bolts85. The part 86 is] cored out,- leavingpassages 87, 88, and 89, the'passage 88 bein the water-inlet and theassages 84,87, am? 89 being the water-outets. The part 86 rests upon thestationary which base is also cored out to form passages, which arecontinuations of thepassages 87, 88, and 89.- Steam is admitted througha pipe 92 (shown in dotted lines) and through a passage cut in thecasing 81- into an annular space 93, cut out in the casing 81, fromwhence it passes from between the diverterblades 94- and against theimpeller-blades 95,

desired. Secured; aldjustably to the base 90, by means of bolts 96, is ametal ring 97, which supports the field-coils of an electric genera- Inthis'case' a generator of direct current isi1sed;. but I may of courseuse a gen- :erator of; alternating currents, if desired. The coils98-are supported on cores 99 united I 'to the ring 97 by bolts-100.Secured by. bolts l0l to' the ring-97 are one ormore bracket arms102, inwhich is-sup orted a sliding brush-supporting ring 103, w 'ch maybefasten'ed in said brackets in any desired .position by screws 104..Brushes 105 are car- .ried in brush-holders 106, supported by the ring103, and may be adjusted in a circle around the c mmutator as desired.The

. U5 mounted on the shell or casing 108, which commutator 'lu/ is of theusual type and also be compounded .or usedin multiple, if

supports-the armature-coils 109, made in the usual way. These coilsof'course revolve in close proximity to the field-coils, but do nottouch them. The shell orcasin'g 108 is supported on ant1fi'1ct1onrollers110, preferably mounted in'spacing-rings in the usual man- I ner .toform a ca e; These anfiiriction-rollers are sup'porte on a ring 111preferably made of hardened steel annular in its general form, butthickest at the bottom, as'shown in Fig. 10, this rmg 11 1 being mountedon the stationary casing 81 86. The fact, an eccentric'bearingan bymeans of a screw-bolt 112 and hand-wheel 113 this fill may be adjustedaround the peri 'hery of t e casing 81 86, thereby-adjusting t earmature structure in relation to the field-coils and pumprunner. Theobject of this adustment is to vary the reaction-pressure from thebuckets 116 upon the pump-runner 80, sothat when runnin this pump-runnerwill be automatically baFanced, the line 117 'being' eccentric to thecentral vane ofthe pump-runner 80, as already described in connectionwith Fig. 4. After this adjustment ing 108 is a ring 114, .cut away oneach side,

as shown at 115, for the reception of the part 82 of the statlonarycasing. On the inside of this ring 114 are mounted buckets arranged in adouble series, so as to split up the current of water thrown against thesame after its energy has been utilized and to divert it on elthersideinto the discharge-passages.

These buckets 116 are concavedand also curved reversely to each other,as shown in Fig. 9, coming to a line 117 in the center, which line isoutside ofthe central vane of therunner and in the same plane. Theadmission of the water to the water-wheel may be controlled in anydesired'way for exam-.

ple, by means similar to that shown in Fig. '7 or any of the common waysof controlling volume and angle of impact of the stream of water.Moreover, I do not restrict myself in any way-to theexact details ofconstruction. The. pump-runner, for example, may be of multiplex.

theopen type instead'of the closed type. It

may be. simple, compound, or emultiplex.

The meansfor driving the runner by means of steam may also be simple,compound, or

The articular shape and-arrangement of the uckets against which thewater 1s thrown by the centrifu' a1 pump may also be varied. Insteadof'a irect-current generator an alternating-currentgenerator maybe used,and, in fact, all the details may be varied greatly, the central ideaof. n this form of the invention being the making of a steam. turbine,a. pump, and motor driven by said pump, and an electric generator allinone unitary structure. Moreover,

this ap aratuscan be used-directl. as an en- .g'ine,"a that is.nccessary'to doibeing to take ofifthe field;coils, commutators, &c.,making.

, the casing 1.08 a pulle inste'adof having it can-y thearmature-coi s.Power can also be taken from a' shaft torsionally by 'a slight.

' I modification.

the diverter-blades.

bins-wheel and pump-runner combined which I desire to run at very highspeeds. It is not feasible or desirable that the casing carrying thearmature-coils should be run at the same high speed, and by-a properproportionin of the parts this will not be the case. It wil beunderstood that the speed of the turbinewheel and pump-runner may beanywhere from ten to one hundred times as fast as the s eed at which thearmature is driven, thus i ustrating one of the important points of thisinvention, the flexibility of the transmitting medium rendering itpossible to use very small amounts of water moved at a very high speedand pressure to obtain large amounts .of power. As already described inconnection with Fig. 7, the speed to which the armature is set in the beinning may be used to govern the speed of the whole apparatus.

In Figs. 11 and 12 I have shown still another modification of my aparatus in which a vertical pump is-usedt at is to say, a pump .whoserunner runs in a horizontal lane and whose axle ,if one were used, wouldbe in a vertical plane. This modification, like all vertical-centrifu alpumps, may, if desired, be submerged w en in use, thereby obviating thenecessity of priming the pump.-

- would be necessary before starting the pump,

as'is usual. 118 represents the casing, which may be made either in theform of a' shell or in sections, if desired In one part of the casing asteamway 119 is cored out connecting with a steam-pipe at any desiredpoint. This delivers into a circular passage 120, which passage isconnected by ports 121 with The regulation of the speed may beaccomplished by variations-in t e pressure affecting the amount of steamconducted, as already described in connection with Fig. 7. After passingthrough the parts 121 the steam impinges upon the diverterblades 122,which are curved in opposite di rections. These blades may be made inone piece or separate, as desired, and by means of said blades the steamis dividedinto two columns or continuous jets,which jets pass betweenthe impeller-blades 123 and 124, se-

cured oneither side ofthe diverter-blades 122, said impeller-bladesbeing mounted on. .the central vane 125 of the pump-runner. These bladesare shown as ex osed to the moving column-0f water on their outer edgesafter'impa'ct, as described in connection with the open type of runner,(see 5,) or, if desired, they may be housed, as in the closed t e ofrunner. s1 es of the central vane 125 in the runner is located aninlet-passage 126 and an outlet passage 127, Wh'lOh passages arejoinedto- (Shown in Fig. 1.) On the gether by a continuous open space.128,

tending around the central-portion of the .t -runner. In these passages126 and n 127 are located reversely-covered arms, as

shown in Fig. 12, the arms in the passage 126 serving to draw the liquidtoward the center centripetally and the'arms in the passage 127 servingto throw the same out from the center centrifugally. The top of the pumprunner is' curved upward, as shown at 129,

approximately in the form of a cone, and this top is provided withcurved arms, which a1d in drawing the liquid up through thedischarge-passage 130, 131 representing the inlet, which is a continuousorifice with the exception of the arms 132 and 133, which are supportedon the base-plate 134. The lower central portion of the pump-runner iscut away, as'shown at 135, and outside of this cut-away portion is anenlargement or .boss

136, located in a correspondingly-shaped de-' ression 137 in the base,whereby a hearing or the pump-runner is formed. Connecting with thedepression 137 is a waterway 138, (or a separate pipe may be used, ifdesired,) which waterway or pipe is connected with the discharge'chamberor passage 130, the

result being that after the runner is set-in I motion water is forcedthrough the pipe or way 138 into the depression 137 and around the boss136, after which the water passes out between one side of thepump-runner and the base. TlllS' arrangement furnishes a convenient andeffective water bearin forthe combined puin -runner and tur inewheel,whereby sai combined structure is sup orted on fluid during itsrotation, any

ten ency to wabble or oscillate being'corrected by the balanced columnsof water and.

steam which act upon the combined turbinewheel and pump -runner.Moreover, the outfiowing current betweenthe lower side of the. um-runner and the base will tend to stea y t e pum -runner in itsrotation, requiring very litt e initial pressure on account of the largearea exposed to overcome anywith 7. If the pump is to be used'submerged,the inlet pipes or wa s for the steam are made double to avoicondensation, there be' an air-space between the ipes or a suithlfienon-conducting material eing 7 placedbetween'said pipes.

While I have showninl igs. 11 and 12 a combined centrifugal andcentripetal pump,

.it is obvious that I could use acentrifugal i pum alone, acen'tri etalpump alone, or any com ination there'o and, further, that the waterinlets and outlets may be placed in any desired position within orwithout the casln cases where it is desirable the steam turbine may bemounted separately from the pump-runner-for example, where thepumprunner is submergedand yet furnish a stream of water whereby thepump itself may be driven, as already illustrated in connection with thewater-motor, as shown inFig. 7, which water is conveyed by impact to thepump-runner itself.

In several of the modifications the casing is shown as stationary andthe runner rotatable therein. It is obvious that this arrangement couldbe reversed and that the easing could be made rotatable and the innerpart stationary.

In Fig. 9 I have shown a water-motor directly coupled to the shaft of adynamo. It is obvious that this shaft could be used in various otherrelations to transmit power. In some instances it is desirable toreverse the motion of the shaft, as in marine work. This reversal may bequickly and easilyefi'ected in thefollowing manner: The water-motor maybe provided with two sets of buckets curved opposite directions and"with separate "sets of corresponding jet-nozzles. A

balanced valve located in the main watersupply pipe leading from thepump to the depends, as stated efore, on the pressure in thedischarge-chamber of the pump. Moreover, by moving this valve so thatitwill direct jets of varying and unequal power upon theoppositely-arranged sets of buckets the speed and direction of rotationof the motorshaft may be exactly and almost instanta neously regulated.This valve may of course be operated either pneumatically,hydraulically, elect1ically, or by any desired mechanical devices from adistant point. For

example, the valve in the engine-room of a ship may be directly operatedfrom the pilothouse thereof. This is an im 'ortant feature, inasmuch asthe reversal. o the operatingshaft'does not necessitate the slowingdown, stopping, and starting again of .the prime mover, as is the casewith all motive devices known to me. Moreover, the prime mover ismaintained atall times in its highest state of efficiency andreadiness'to transmit its-en- 'ergyin my invention.-,

My invention is especially designed to re; ducetoa the weight, space,cost, and vibration of the device and atthe same iii:

sition.

time to increase its simplicity and durability and economy in the use offuel. In marine work it furnishes a central power-station for alllliuses to which power is applied on board s p.

In Fig. 13 is shown a cross-section of a combined centrifugal andcentripetal pump and steam-turbine. In this figure, 139 represents thecasing provided with a water-inlet 140, which is divided into twobranches 141 and 14.2, which deliver to opposite sides of thepump-runner.. 143 represents the discharge passage or chamber,preferably in the form of a volute largest at the bottom. I have shownthe water-inlet pipes as coming from below and the discharge-passage atthe bottom. It is obvious, however, that these passages may be locatedin any desired po- The upper part of the volute is provided with apassage into which is fitted a steam-ejector pipe used for priming thepump in the usual way, as has already been described in' connection withthe other modifications. The pump-runner itself is provided with acentral vane 144, made in the form of a This is-mounted upon a centralpart 145, which part is provided with extensions 146 and 147, in whichthe supporting-shafts are mounted These extensions are cut away, asshown at 148 and 149, for the reception of the hollow shafts, which areconfined therein by nuts 150 and 151. The supporting shafts 152 and 153are 7 hollow and provided with enlargements 1 54 and 155 at their innerends. The passages 156 and 157 iii-said shafts are turned upward andinward at their inner ends, as shown at 158 and 159, for the purpose ofdischarging streams of-water upwardly and inwardly against thepump-runner to sustain the weight and overcome any lateral thrustthereof. These shafts pass through bearings 160 and 161, located inextensions in the casing, and into boxes 162 and 163, which are providedwith removable heads 164 and 165,

secured to'said boxes by bolts 166 and 167.'

Lock-nuts 168 and 169 engage-these shafts, and bolts 170 and 171 securethese lock-nuts in position. The outer ends-of the shafts are squared,as shownat 172and 17 3, for the purpose of receiving the head of awrench,-

whereby said shafts may be. adujsted in orner.

f to

der to perfectly balance the pump-runner: 174 and-175 representpipesconnected wit-h 176 and '177 are valves volumeof the watertherein.178 and 179 represent inlet-pipes for the steam, which passes betweendiverter blades .180 and .181 and thence intothe im eller-blades 182 and183, whichare' mounte onthe pump-rimner. I

havaBho wn one ring of impel-ler blades and v a perfect'balance.

compound, or multiplex, as desired. The

pump-runner itself is provided with wings 184 and 185, approximatelyparallel to the central vane 143. Between these wings and the centralvane are curved impeller-vanes 186 and 187, so arranged as to drive theliquid out into the discharge-passage 143.

Another set ofcurved arms 188 and 189 are mounted on the outer sides ofthe runner. These arms are curved in the opposite direction from thearms 186 and 187 and serve to draw in the liquid centrip'etally anddeliver it into the pump-runner near the center, from whence it isdischarged centrifugally. These arms of course do not extend up to thecentral portion of the runner, as'it is necessary to leave a passagethere for the influx of the water. Moreover, the runner itself is cutaway from the center, as shown at 190 and 191, to aflord a free passagefor the water or other liquid By this construction I am enabled to runthe apparatus at a very highspeed without using a separate pump to feedthe centrifugal part of the runner, as is com mon'ln apparatus of thistype, the vacuum being established and maintained at all times. Betweenthe wings 18 4 and and the easing are passages 192 and 193, whichconnect 7 with the discharge-passage 143-loy narrower 'passages'194 and195, the result being that the liquid thrown out bythe-centrifugalaction of the pump-runner draws with it the steam afterit has passed through the impeller-blades into the. discharge-passage143, where said steam-is condensed, the app tus thus acting as a mostefficient self-con denser.- Moreover, any air that there may be in theapparatus or that is brought inalong with the steam is also'drawn outand discharged in the same way. This form of the apparatus, like theother forms, is self-balanc.

ing', owing to the reason that it is built symmetrically and thatthemoving'columns of liquid and gas impinge upon its opposite sides withequal pressure, thereby I To aidinthjs action, especially if on accountof'the defects of the material the plane of gravity should notexactly'coincide with the plane of'rotation or .for other reasons,the'cen'tral vane 144 18.

made large enough so asito extend some-dis,

'tance into the d1schargepasjs age 143' tendency 'to-wabble or oscillatebe au-- tomatically corrected by reasons of the variations inliquid-pressure which'fwoul'd To still'further aid in and insure thisauto:

'be caused by theoscillation of thisvane thrown out I discharge-passage143 is divided temporarily matic. balancing action in reference to theweight or running thrust of the runner itself, a ring 1 96 is m'ountedonthe outer rim of the vane .144. This ring is provided with twooppositely-arranged curved faces 197 and -198,' whereby by means of thecentral vane and the rin attached thereto vthe liquid y centrifugalaction. into the into two moving columns or streams. Any tendency of the-runner to vary from its proper-position of rotationby settling, forexample-will'nsult in diminishing the area! of the water-passage andwill immediately diminish the pressure at that point and increase-thepressureat the opposite side of the runner, whereby this tendency willbe automatically corrected. This results from the fact that the streamof water is divided into four difierent moving streams or columns,

two on each side of the central vane, through the different inlets andoutlets common toeach set. This 196 may, however, be separated from, saicentral vane, although located proximity thereto, and in Fig. 14 I haveshown means for supporting and adjusting its 199 represents a rodpassing through. the casing and provided with a hand-wheel 200. This rodis secured inposition by lock-nuts 201. I As many of these rods asdesired may be used; but I prefer to use at least three, preferablyspaced at equal distances apart, two below the center of the casing andone above it. .It may also, if desired, be supported eccentrically hponlugs arranged in the volute, passage 143. This ring 196 may be adjustedso that it will be" eccentric to the central vane 144, preferablynearest to said vane at the bottom, the result being thatthe pressure ofthe discharged liquid being greatest at the bottom reacts against therunner, thereby overcoming its wei ht and the thrust due to itsrotation. It

can e determined whetherthe runner is runnm in its proper position bythe means descri ed m connection .with the runner shown in Fig. 5 or inany other convenient way for example, by. having ports fitted, withglass covers cut in the casing at suitable points.

While I have thus described my invention, I wish it to bedistinctlyunderstood that I do not limit myself inthe slightest degreeto the details of construction shown and de scribed. The motive fluid,for instance,

The main point of my inwithout vibration or wear, and with practically'no friction. Moreover, in this way I am enabled to get the highestpossible speeds unitary structure and including pump-vanes andturbine-vanes located symmetrically with respect to a central binedstructure being prov1ded with steamvanes and pump-vanes on each side ofsaid lane, said com- 9 central plane, whereby a perfect balance ismaintained.

2. The combination of a casing, a steamv turbine, and a centrifugal pumsaid casing being provided With'steam an water inlets and outlets,the'steam-turbine' wheel and pump-runner being made in a single unitarystructure, said structure being provided on each side of .a centralplane with curved pum -vanes, and a ring of steam-vanes locate outsideof said pump-vanes, whereby a perfect balance is mamtamed.

'3. In a steam-turbine, a movable part or runner, composed of a centralportion, curved arms, wings substantially arallel thereto anid rings ofvanes attached t ereto on either s1 e. v

4. In a steam-tubule, the combination of a steam-turbine wheel andrunner, made in a single unitary structure, and a casing surrounding thesame, passages being left between saidfstructure and said casing,whereby the water discharged by the runner exhausts the steamandcondenses it and also entiains any air within the casing along wit it.

too

5. In a steam-turbine, a rotating part or I runner, consisting of adouble-coned central portion, a double-coned vane secured thereto,curved arms, wings'substantially parallel to said arms, and rings ofvanes or blades secured on the outer side of each of said wings.

6. The combination of a casing, having rings of blades or vanes,steam-inlets therefor, a combined steam-turbine wheel and centrifugalpump-rlmner, supported within said caslng and made in oneunitarystructure, said structurebeing adapted to rotate freely in said casingwithout touching it and 12b circular guide-plates secured to said casing

